Exploring student teachers' stressors in teaching practice in the COVID-19 era in Masvingo District, Zimbabwe
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38140/ijsie.v1i1.1318Keywords:
COVID-19 pandemic, Resilience, Student teacher, Student teacher’s mentor., e-learning, Teacher resilience, Teaching practiceAbstract
This study explores student teachers' resilience in teaching practice in the COVID-19 era in Masvingo District, Zimbabwe. More specifically, the study was intended to gain insights into the significant teaching practice COVID-19-induced teaching practice stressors. This research study contributes new knowledge to the ongoing discourses about student teachers' resilience in teaching practice in the COVID-19 era. To explore student teachers' resilience on teaching practice in COVID-19 era, the study employed a qualitative social constructivist approach through a phenomenological research design. Data were generated through focus group discussions and in-depth semi-structured interviews. One teachers' college was conveniently sampled, and twenty-one student teachers and six student teachers' mentors were purposively sampled from three primary schools in Masvingo District, Zimbabwe. Data were analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. The thematic findings revealed that student teachers teaching practice in the COVID-19 era are subjected to teaching practice stressors induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, such as fear of contracting the COVID-19 virus, illness, isolation, stigmatization and death, anxiety, uncertainty, hopelessness, economic hardships, prolonged teaching practice period, school closures, transference of face-to-face teaching to online learning. Finally, thematic results revealed that the capacity for resilience can be developed during initial teacher preparation, so the study recommends that the teacher education curriculum include a module on resilience.
References
ADEA, AU/CIEFFA. & APHRC. (2021). School Reopening in Africa during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Obijan, Ougadougou, Nairobi: ADEA, AU/CIEFFA, APHRC.
Barbour, R. (2013). Introducing qualitative research. A student guide to the craft of doing qualitative research. SAGE Publications Ltd. https://dx.doi.org/10.4135-9781526485045
Capone, V., Caso, D., Donizzetti, A. R., & Procentese, F. (2020). University Student well-being during COVID-19 outbreak: What are the relationships between information seeking, perceived risk and personal resources related to the academic context? Sustainability, 12, 7039. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12177039
Chisaka, B. C. (2013). The Qualitative Research Paradigm. In B. C. Chisaka, A. Mamvuto, S. Matiure, M. T. Mukabeta, T. Shumba & D. Zireva (Eds.), Action Research: Some practical ideas for educational practice. Harare: Save the Children.
Chitanana, L. (2022). Parents’ Experience with Remote Learning During COVID-199 Lockdown in Zimbabwe. Journal of Open Flexible and Distance Learning, 26(2) 75-90. https://doi.org/10.61468/jofdl.v26i2.529
Chivore, B., Mavundutse, O., Kuyayama-Tumbare, A., Gwaunza, L, & Kangayi, P. (2015). Handbook for Quality Assurance in Associate Teachers’ Colleges. Harare: Fidelity Printers and Refiners (Pvt) Ltd.
Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2018). Research Methods in Education (8th ed.). Abington: Routledge.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approach (4th ed.). London: SAGE Publications Ltd.
Dalal, M., Archambault, L., & Shelton, C. (2021). Fostering the growth of TPACK among international teachers of developing materials through a cultural exchange programme. Aust, J. Edu. Technol, 37, 43-56. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.5964
Day, C., & Gu, Q. (2014). Resilient teachers, resilient schools: Building and sustaining quality in testing times. Oxon: Routledge.
Dube, B. (2020). Rural online learning in the context of COVID-19 in South Africa: Evolving in inclusive education approach. Multidisciplinary Journal of Educational Research, 10(2), 135-157. https://doi.org/10.4471/remie.2020.5607.
Ebersohn, L. (2014). Teacher resilience: theorizing resilience and poverty. Teachers and Teaching 20(5). 568-594. http://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.214.9379.
Elmer, T., Mephain, K., Stadtfield, C., & Capram, V. (2020). Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students? social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland. PLOS ONE,15, e0236337. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236337
Ezeonu, C. T., Uneke, C. J., & Ezeonu, P. O. (2021). A Rapid Review of the Reopening of Schools in this COVID?19 Pandemic? How Ready are We in Nigeria? Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 30(1), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.4103/NJM.NJM_161_20
Flores, M. A., & Gago, M. (2020). Teacher education in terms of COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal: National, institutional and pedagogical responses. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46(4), 507-516. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1799709
Garmerzy, N. (1991). Resilience in children’s adaptation to negative life events and stressed environments. Pediatric Annals, 20, 459-466.
Gutierrez, J. C., Lid-ayan, Z. B., Cuison, C. J. M., De Vera, J. B., Dilem, C. D., Diwag, J. M. B., Marzo, R. R. (2016). Stress and Coping Mechanisms of Preservice Teachers. South American Journal of Academic Research, 3(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.21522/TIJAR.2014.03.01.Art003
Huremovic, D. (2019). Psychiatry of Pandemic A mental Health Response to Infection Outbreak, (1ed.). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.
Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. (2014). Educational Research: Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed approaches. Los Angeles: Sage.
Kaden, U. (2020). COVID-19 School Closure-Related Changes to the Professional Life of a K-12 Teacher. Education Sciences, 10(6), 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10060165
Kim, L. E., & Asbury, K. (2020). Like a rug had been pulled from under you?: The impact of COVID-19 on teachers in England during the first six weeks of the UK lockdown. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(4), 1062-1083. http://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12381.12381
Konyana, S., & Motolenyane, M. A. (2022). A Changing World and a Changing Teaching Practice Model for Zimbabwe in a post Covid-19 Context. Journal of Culture and Values in Education, 5(1), 43-58 https://doi.org/10.46303/jcve.2022.5.
Kosar, G. (2021). Distance Teaching Practicum: Its impact on Pre-Service EFL Teachers Preparedness for Teaching. Special Issue COVID-19: Education Response to a Pandemic. IAFOR Journal of Education, 9(2), 111-121.
Leavy, P. (2017). Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed methods Arts-Based and Community-Based Participatory Research Approaches. London: The Guilford Press.
Magwa, S., & Magwa, W. (2015). A guide to conducting research. Singapore: Strategic Book Publishing and Rights Co. LLC.
Mansfield, C. F., Beltman, S, Weatherby-Fell, N., & Brodley, T. (2016). Classroom ready? Building resilience in Teacher education. In R. Brandenberg, S. McDonough, J. Burke, & S. White (Eds.), Teacher Education: Innovation, intervention, and impact (pp. 211-229). Singapore: Springer.
Mansfield, C., Beltman, S., & Price, A. (2014). ‘I’m coming back again!’The resilience process of early career teachers. Teachers and Teaching, 20(5), 547-567. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2014.937958
Mapfumo, J. S., Chitsiko, N., & Chireshe, R. (2012). Teaching Practice generated stressors and coping mechanisms among student teachers in Zimbabwe. South African Journal of Education, 32(2), 155-166. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v32n2a601
Masten, A. S. (2014). Global perspectives on resilience in children and youth. Child Development, 85(1), 6-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12205
Mavundutse, O. (2004) Stress Antecedents among Student Teachers: The Zimbabwe Bulletin of Teacher Education, 13(1), 4-20. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12413/4944
Mavundutse, O., Luthuli,A. J., Chivore, B. R. S., & Dube, S. (2013) Teaching Practice: Protocol and Public Relations. Harare: University of Zimbabwe.
McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in Education: Evidence-Based Inquiry. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc.
Meaghan, R. (2021). Preservice Teachers’ COVID-19 stressors. Milligan University Spring.
Mertens, D. M. (2015). Research methods in Education and Psychology. Thousand Oaks: SAGE.
Mertler, C. A. (2014). Action Research, Improving Schools and Empowering Educators, (4th ed.). New Delhi: SAGE.
Morales-Rodriguez, F. M. (2021). Fear, Stress, Resilience and Coping strategies during COVID-19 in Spanish University Students Sustainability, 13, 5824. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13115824.
Moyo, N. (2020). COVID-19 and the future of Practicum in teacher education in Zimbabwe: Rethinking the “new normal” in quality assurance for teacher certification. Journal of Education and Teaching, 46(4), 536-545. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1802702
Mukuna, K. R., & Aloka, P. J. O. (2020). Exploring educators’ challenges of online learning in COVID-19 at a rural school, South Africa. International Journal of Learning. Teaching and Educational Research, 19(10), 134-149. http://doi.org/10.26803/ylter.19.10.8.
Nyabadza, G., & Mutendera, G. (2014). Stress management among female student teachers on attachment teaching practice: The case of Marymount Teachers College, Zimbabwe. International Journal of Social Science and Education, 4(2), 429-436.
Olsen, A. L. (2017). Compared to what? How social and historical reference points affect citizens’ performance evaluations. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 27(4), 562-580. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mux023
Pandey, M., & Pandey, P. (2015). Research methodology: Tools and techniques. Bazau: Bridge Centre. Retrieved from www.stat.wisc.edu/-st51.
Patrick, S. W., Henkhaus, L. E., Zickafoose, J. S., Lovell, K., Halvorson, A., Loch, S., ... & Davis, M. M. (2020). Well-being of parents and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a national survey. Pediatrics, 146(4), e2020016824. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-016824
Pieh, C., Budimir, S., Delgadillo, J., Barkham, M., Fontaine, J. R., & Probst, T. (2021). Mental health during COVID-19 lockdown in the United Kingdom. Psychosomatic medicine, 83(4), 328-337. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0000000000000871
Pragholapati, A. (2020). COVID-19 Impact on students. EdArXiv 1, 1-6.
Pretorius, C. N. (2013). Caregivers? experiences of stress while caring for orphaned and vulnerable children in an institution (Unpublished Masters thesis). Pretoria: University of Pretoria, South Africa.
Ramírez-Ortiz, J., Castro-Quintero, D., Lerma-Córdoba, C., Yela-Ceballos, F., & Escobar-Córdoba, F. (2020). Mental health consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic associated with social isolation. Colombian Journal of Anestesiology, 48(4), e930. https://doi.org/10.5554/22562087.e930
Rembe, S., Shumba, J., & Mavuse, M. (2016). Teaching Practice Purpose and Implementation: A Concept Paper. International Journal of Education and Science, 13(3), 310-317. https://doi.org/10.1080/09751122.2016.11890466
Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., & Ormston, R. (2014). Qualitative research practice (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publication.
Sefotho, M. M. (2015). A researchers’ dilemma Philosophy in crafting dissertations and theses. Journal of Social Sciences, 42(1,2), 23-36.
Shannon-Baker, P. (2016). Making paradigms meaningful in mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(4), 319-334. https://doi.org/10.1177-15586815575861
Sher, L. (2020). The Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicide rates. QJM: An International Journal of Medicine, 113(10), 707-712. https://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa202
Smith, J. A., & Nizza, I. E. (2022). Essentials of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. http://doi.org/10.1037/0000259-001
Sun, L., Sun, Z., Wu, L., Zhu, Z., Zhang, Z., Jia, Y., Gu, J., Zhou, Y., Wang, Y, et al. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors for acute posttraumatic stress disorder during COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of affective disorders, 283, 123-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.050
Tekel, E., Bayir, Ö. Ö., & Dulay, S. (2022). Teaching Practicum During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Comparison of the Practices in Different Countries. International Journal of Progressive Education, 18(2), 71-86. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2022.431.5
UNESCO. (2020). The COVID-19 impact on the education sector. Retrieved from https://en.unesco.org/news/13-billion-learners-are-still-affected-school-university-closures-educational-institutions.
UNICEF. (2020). UNICEF and Microsoft Launch Global Learning Platform to Help Address COVID-19 Education Crisis. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/unicef-and-microsoft-launch-global-learning-platform-help-address-COVID-19-education.
Valero, N., Velez, M., Duran, A., & Portillo, M. (2020). COVID-19 Coping: Stress, fear, anxiety, and depression? Enferm Inv., 5, 63-70.
Wakui, N., Abe, S., Shirozu, S., Yamamoto, Y., Yamamura, M., Abe, Y., Murata, S., Ozawa, M., Igarashi, T., Yamagiya, T., Machida, V., & Kikuchi, M. (2021). Causes of anxiety among teachers giving face-to-face lessons after the reopening of schools during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 21, 1050. https://doi.org/10.1186/512889-021-11130-y
Wang, C., & Zhao, H. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on anxiety in Chinese university students. Frontiers in psychology, 11, 1168. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01168
White, I., & McSharry, M. (2021). Preservice teachers’ experiences of pandemic related school closures: anti-structure, liminality and communities. Irish Educational Studies, 40(2), 319-327. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2021.1916562.
White, S., & Forgasz, R. (2016). The Practicum: The Place of Experience? In J. Loughian & M. L., Hamilton, (Eds.). International Handbook of Teachers Education (pp 231-266) Springer Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0366-0_6
World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Situation Report. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/docs/defaultsource/coronavirus/situationreports.
Yadav, R. K., & Dabhade, N. (2011). Work Life Balance and Job Satisfaction among the Working Women of Banking and Education Sector: A Comparative Study. International Letter of Social and Humanistic sciences, 21, 181-201. http://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ILSHS.21.181
Yamamura, R. E., & Tsutsui, Y. (2021). The impact of closing schools on working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence using panel data from Japan. Review of Economics of the Household 19(1), 41-60. https://doi.org/10.1007/3/11150-020-09536-5.
Yin, R. K. (2016). Qualitative research from start to finish. New York: The Guilford Press.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2024 Marvelous Marenyenya
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
All articles published by GAERPSY Publishing are under an Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license, allowing author (s) to share copies and redistribute the material in any medium or format. The GAERPSY Publishing cannot revoke these freedoms if they follow the license terms:
• Attribution: Author (s) must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Author (s) may do so reasonably but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses his/her or thier use.
• NonCommercial: Author (s) may not use the material for commercial purposes.
• NoDerivatives: If author (s) remixes, transforms, or builds upon the material, he/she (they) may not distribute the modified material.
• No additional restrictions: Author (s) may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.