The impact of a tutorship development programme on tutors' professional transformation: A case of a university in South Africa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38140/ijer-2025.vol7.1.20Keywords:
Tutorship development programme, professional growth, teaching competence, translanguaging, Kegan’s theory, higher educationAbstract
Tutorship development programmes play a pivotal role in enhancing professional competencies and pedagogical skills among tutors in higher education. This study seeks to explore the professional transformation of tutors participating in a tutorship development programme, with a particular focus on their development in classroom management, leadership, teaching competence, and inclusive practices. Guided by Kegan’s Theory of Adult Development, the study interprets tutors’ progression from the Socialised Mind, characterised by reliance on external authority, to the Self-Authoring Mind, marked by independent pedagogical reasoning and decision-making. Anchored in the interpretivist paradigm and employing a case study design, the study adopted a qualitative approach. Data were generated through reflections from ten purposively selected tutors within a Faculty of Education at a selected university in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Thematic analysis was utilised to analyse the data. Findings reveal three key themes of professional transformation: (1) enhanced professional growth through leadership development, reflective practice, and classroom management; (2) increased teaching competence in areas such as lesson planning, learner engagement, assessment strategies, and technological integration; and (3) the deliberate use of translanguaging as an inclusive pedagogical strategy to address linguistic diversity in multilingual classrooms. These findings illustrate the tutors’ evolving pedagogical identities, autonomy, and responsiveness to learner needs. This study contributes to the discourse on tutor development by highlighting how structured, practice-based training programmes can facilitate profound professional transformation. It advocates for the expansion of such programmes to provide systematic opportunities for inclusive pedagogical training, peer collaboration, and critical reflection aligned with developmental growth.
References
Alejos, M., & Caballero, J. (2021). University tutoring: Face-to-face or virtual: A systematic review. Espirales Revista Multidisciplinaria de Investigación, 5(37), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.31876/er.v5i37.790
Altun, S., & Toy, B. (2023). Transformation of teachers through a collaborative?reflective training model: A case study on school?based professional development. South African Journal of Education, 43(2), s1–s16. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v43ns2a2235
Banda, F. (2017). Translanguaging and English-African language mother tongues as linguistic dispensation in teaching and learning in a Black township school in Cape Town. Current Issues in Language Planning, 19(2), 198–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2017.1353333
Batz, Z., Olsen, B., Dumont, J., Dastoor, F., & Smith, M. (2015). Helping struggling students in introductory biology: A peer-tutoring approach that improves performance, perception, and retention. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 14(2), ar16. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.14-08-0120
Belous, O., Arushanyan, Z., Vasilenko, V., & Goncharova, O. (2023). Tutorship practice as a mechanism for support of professional development of educational tutors. Perspectives of Science and Education. https://doi.org/10.32744/pse.2023.6.35
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Burgess, A., Dornan, T., Clarke, A., Menezes, A., & Mellis, C. (2016). Peer tutoring in a medical school: Perceptions of tutors and tutees. BMC Medical Education, 16(1), 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0589-1
Burgess, A., McGregor, D., & Mellis, C. (2014). Medical students as peer tutors: A systematic review. BMC Medical Education, 14(1), 115. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6920-14-115
Chang, C., Rumrill, S., & Phillips, A. (2022). Clinical skills tutoring program (CSTP): Developing a curriculum for medical student clinical skills peer tutors. MedEdPORTAL. https://doi.org/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.11225
Comfort, P., & McMahon, J. (2014). The effect of peer tutoring on academic achievement. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 6(1), 168-175. https://doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-06-2012-0017
Cotronei-Baird, V. S., Chia, A., Paladino, A., & Johnston, A. (2021). Examining the influence of professional development on tutors’ teaching philosophies. Higher Education Research & Development, 40(6), 1341–1356. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2021.1891997
Creese, A., & Blackledge, A. (2010). Translanguaging in the bilingual classroom: A pedagogy for learning and teaching? The Modern Language Journal, 94(1), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2009.00986.x
Cummins, J. (2007). Rethinking monolingual instructional strategies in multilingual classrooms. Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 10(2), 221–240.
Dawson, P., van der Meer, J., Skalicky, J., & Cowley, K. (2014). On the effectiveness of supplemental instruction: A systematic review of supplemental instruction and peer-assisted study sessions literature between 2001 and 2010. Review of Educational Research, 84(4), 609–639. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654314540007
DeFeo, D., & Caparas, F. (2014). Tutoring as transformative work: A phenomenological case study of tutors’ experiences. Journal of College Reading and Learning, 44, 141-163. https://doi.org/10.1080/10790195.2014.906272
Department of Education. (2002). Language policy for higher education. Pretoria: Government Gazette.
Ebekozien, A., Aigbavboa, C., Nwaole, A., Aginah, I., & Aigbedion, M. (2022). Sustainable cities through household waste management: An unexplored approach to challenges confronting private solid waste management. Facilities, 40(5/6), 365–379. https://doi.org/10.1108/f-09-2021-0078
Erofeeva, M. A., Stolyarova, A. N., Terekhova, A. I., Ignatyeva, A. V., Deberdeeva, N. A., Zebnitskaya, A. K., & Leontev, M. G. (2020). Innovative methods in management and raising the quality of higher professional education in Russia. Propositos y representaciones, (SPE2), e653-e653. https://doi.org/10.20511/pyr2020.v8nspe2.653
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
García, O., & Wei, L. (2014). Translanguaging: Language, bilingualism and education. Palgrave Macmillan.
Gibson, K., Qureshi, Z., Ross, M., & Maxwell, S. (2013). Junior doctor?led ‘near?peer’ prescribing education for medical students. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 77(1), 122-129. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12147
Gregory, E., Murtagh, L., & Beswick, K. (2024). Perspectives from university tutors on the use of collaborative enquiry?based approaches to develop pre?service teachers' pedagogies and understanding of inclusive practice. The Curriculum Journal, 35(3), 524–531. https://doi.org/10.1002/curj.278
Grey, D., & Osborne, C. (2018). Perceptions and principles of personal tutoring. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 44(3), 285–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877x.2018.1536258
Gustavsson, S., Andersén, A., & Berglund, M. (2019). To challenge and to be challenged: Teachers' collective learning in higher education. Reflective Practice, 20(3), 339–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2019.1611552
Haines, D. (2017). Ethical considerations in qualitative case study research: Recruiting participants with profound intellectual disabilities. Research Ethics, 13(3–4), 219–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747016117711971
Hardman, J. (2015). Tutor–student interaction in seminar teaching: Implications for professional development. Active Learning in Higher Education, 17(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787415616728
Hossain, S., Ghosh, S., & Roy, R. (2024). Enhancing teaching competencies for effective implementation of sustainable inclusive education (SIE). The Social Science Review a Multidisciplinary Journal, 2(6), 151-158. https://doi.org/10.70096/tssr.240206026
Hurst, E. (2017). “Translanguaging” as a socially just pedagogy. Education as Change, 21(2), 126–148. https://doi.org/10.17159/1947-9417/2017/2015
Iwata, K., Furmedge, D., Sturrock, A., & Gill, D. (2014). Do peer-tutors perform better in examinations? An analysis of medical school final examination results. Medical Education, 48(7), 698–704. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12475
Kegan, R. (1982). The evolving self: Problem and process in human development. Harvard University Press.
Kiramba, L. (2016). Heteroglossic practices in a multilingual science classroom. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 22(4), 445–458. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2016.1267695
Kiramba, L., & Smith, P. (2019). “Her sentence is correct, isn't it?”: Regulative discourse in English-medium classrooms. Teaching and Teacher Education, 85, 105–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.06.011
Kiziltepe, Z., & Sali, Ö. (2021). Professional development for effective teaching in higher education. International Journal of Higher Education Pedagogies, 2(4), 28–37. https://doi.org/10.33422/ijhep.v2i4.81
Koskosas, I. (2008). Goal setting and trust in a security management context. Information Security Journal: A Global Perspective, 17(3), 151–161. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393550802290337
Levy, D., & Schuck, E. (2005). The influence of clients on valuations: The clients' perspective. Journal of Property Investment & Finance, 23(2), 182–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635780510584364
Leyk, T., McInvale, R., & Chen, L. (2017). Structured peer learning program: An innovative approach to computer science education. arXiv preprint arXiv:1703.04174. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1703.04174
Louw, I. (2018). Reclaiming tutorials as learning spaces in the sciences. Mentoring & Tutoring Partnership in Learning, 26(3), 320–335. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2018.1511952
Madiba, M. (2024). Translanguaging as a decolonial pedagogic strategy for South African universities. APORTAL, 110–121. https://doi.org/10.70875/v8i3article9
Mbambo-Marimirofa, S., & Phillips, H. (2023). Explicit teaching strategies used to enhance comprehension skills of a second language learner. Per Linguam, 39(2), 63-78. https://doi.org/10.5785/39-2-998
Motaung, L. B. (2024). Translanguaging pedagogical practice in a tutorial programme at a South African university. International Journal of Language Studies, 18(1), 1-14.
Naug, H., Colson, N., Pearson, A., DuToit, E., & Qi, G. (2017). A peer observation program for the professional development of laboratory tutors. The Asia Pacific Scholar, 2(1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.29060/taps.2017-2-1/sc1017
Nickow, A., Oreopoulos, P., & Quan, V. (2023). The promise of tutoring for PreK–12 learning: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. American Educational Research Journal, 61, 74–107. https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312231208687
Oduro, I., Akuta, A., & Kuranchie, A. (2022). Tutors’ use of reflective practice to promote teaching and learning. Creative Education, 13(7), 2308–2320. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2022.137147
Owusu-Agyeman, Y. (2023). Nonformal learning approaches and the professional development of teachers in higher education. Development in Learning Organisations: An International Journal, 38(2), 9-12. https://doi.org/10.1108/dlo-06-2023-0129
Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed-method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
Penta, S., Phillips, S., Silver, A., & Barrett, E. (2019). Beyond internships: Experiential learning as a tool for emergency management education. International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters, 37(1), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/028072701903700104
Perry, J. R., & Imig, S. (2019). Minding the form that transforms: Using Kegan's model of adult development in graduate medical education. Academic Medicine, 94(9), 1299. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000002771
Pischetola, M. (2021). Teaching novice teachers to enhance learning in the hybrid university. Postdigital Science and Education, 4(1), 70-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-021-00257-1
Probyn, M. (2019). Pedagogical translanguaging and the construction of science knowledge in a multilingual South African classroom: Challenging monoglossic/post-colonial orthodoxies. Classroom Discourse, 10(3–4), 216–236. https://doi.org/10.1080/19463014.2019.1628792
Ramafikeng, M. (2024). Pedagogical translanguaging as a socially just strategy for multilingual students in occupational therapy. Education Sciences, 14(5), 462. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14050462
Reznicek-Parrado, L. M. (2023). Peer-to-peer translanguaging academic spaces for belonging: The case of Spanish as a heritage language. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 26(2), 131-145.
Shemanov, A., Samsonova, E., Bystrova, Y., & Kutepova, E. (2022). An approach to assessing the features of a tutor's professional competence in inclusive education: A pilot study. Clinical Psychology and Special Education, 11(4), 233–263. https://doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2022110410
Shum, A., & Fryer, L. K. (2021). From learner to teacher: Re-training graduate teaching assistants. Higher Education Research & Development, 40(7), 1546–1563. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1818063
Takei, H., Anthony, P., Fountain, E., & Williams, L. (2022). Empirical development of best practices in coaching and mentoring.
International Research in Education, 10(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.5296/ire.v10i1.19393
Templeton, N., Jeong, S., & Pugliese, E. (2021). Editorial overview: Mentoring for professional development.Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 29, 163-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2021.1922152
Ventura, C. (2023). The impact of peer-assisted learning in a Brazilian medical course. Research Society and Development, 12(10), e89121043471. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i10.43471
Wali, C., Suharjana, S., Irianto, D., Suherman, W., Nugroho, S., Dimyati, D., & Hariono, A. (2022). Deer hunting tradition of the Kuligang community to identify the types of sports branches (ethnographic study). International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(5), 1004–1010. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100518
Wani, T., Nabi, S., & Manan, M. (2022). Empirical study of professional development of higher education teachers. International Journal of Health Sciences, 6(2), 12567-12580. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns2.8332
White, S., Groom-Thomas, L., & Loeb, S. (2022). High-impact tutoring planning and implementation. EdWorkingPaper No. 22-652. https://doi.org/10.26300/2mam-3c52
Wunseh, Q. (2023). A conceptual framework for inclusive pedagogy in South African multilingual higher education classrooms. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 15(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.21659/rupkatha.v15n1.03
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2025 Abongile Ngwabe, Baseza Tototbayo, Nelisa Tembani

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.