Politeness in Tiba Meka ritual in Manggaraian language and culture, Eastern Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38140/ijss-2023.vol3.06Keywords:
Politeness, Tiba Meka ritual, Manggaraian language, Manggaraian culture, speech community.Abstract
Politeness is crucial to communicating among individuals or between groups in a speech community. This research mainly explores the politeness of welcoming guests in the Manggaraian speech community. Video recording and interviews were the techniques used to collect the data. Eight videos were recorded and transcribed in text. The data were interpreted in socio-pragmatics theory. The findings reveal that the Manggaraian speech community tend to apply positive and off-the-record politeness strategies. A positive politeness strategy was mainly employed to build a close relationship and friendliness and to show respect to a guest. The use of a positive politeness strategy was marked in honorifics such as ite, mori, ema, and downtoner yo. An off-the-record politeness strategy was utilised to designate generosity, modesty, and approbation to a guest. This politeness strategy was indicated in metaphorical expressions. The social factors that determine the use of those politeness strategies are related to the context of the event, age, relation, and guest status. In this study, the Manggaraian speech community employ politeness in the ritual of welcoming a guest to achieve three benefits: manifesting respect, maintaining a good relationship, and showing a positive attitude toward the guest.
References
Andini, C. (2021). The use of honorifics in English and Buginese with special reference to Bone Language: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 6(7), 873–877.
Arka, I. W. (2002). Voice systems in the Austronesian languages of Nusantara: Typology, symmetricality and undergoer orientation. Linguistik Indonesia, 21(1), 113–139.
Borris, D., & Zecho, C. (2018). The linguistic politeness having seen on the current study issue. Linguistics and Culture Review, 2(June), 32–44. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37028/lingcure.v2n1.10
Brown, Penelope & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587263
Bustan, F., & Kabelen, A. H. (2023). The cultural conceptualisation of Manggarai ethnic group regarding econonmic welfare in the field of Animal Husbandry. SPARKLE: Journal of Language, Education and Culture, 2(1), 1–8. https://ejurnal.undana.ac.id/index.php/sparkle
Darong, H. C., Kadarisman, A. E., Basthomi, Y., & Info, A. (2020). Politeness markers in teachers’ request in classroom interaction. NOBEL, 11(2), 217–233. https://doi.org/10.15642/NOBEL.2020.11.2.217-233
Darong, H. C., Niman, E., & Jem, Y. H. (2022). Face threatening act and gender bias in Manggarain marriage proposal, Indonesia. Interdisciplinary Journal of Sociality Studies, 2, 51–62. https://doi.org/10.38140/ijss-2022.vol2.05
Erkinova, F. Y. (2021). Politeness and culture. International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research and Innovative Technologies, 179–183.
Gao, B., Zhou, W., & Liu, W. (2021, March). Politeness, language and culture. In 2020 International Conference on Language, Communication and Culture Studies (ICLCCS 2020) (pp. 212-215). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210313.039
Hamrakulova, G. (2020). Politeness theory in language. Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal, 2020(2), 151-157.
House, J., & Kádár, D. Z. (2021). ‘Politeness Markers’ revisited – A contrastive pragmatic perspective. Journal of Politeness Research, 17(1), 79–109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1515/pr-2020-0029
Jeladu, K. (2020). Konstruksi Pasif Bahasa Manggarai: Sebuah Analisis Leksikal Fungsional. RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa, 1(1), 108–122. https://doi.org/10.22225/jr.1.1.112.108-122
Kadar, D. Z., Daniel, Z., & House, J. (2021). Interaction ritual and (im) politeness. Journal of Pragmatics, 179, 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2021.04.021
Kadar, D. Z. (2020). Ritual frame and ‘politeness markers .’ Pragmatics and Society, May, 641–648. https://doi.org/10.1075/ps.18079.kad
Kamehkhosh, N., & Larina, T. (2020). Cultural values and politeness strategies in British and Persian family discourse. Proceedings of INTCESS 2020- 7th International Conference on Education and Social Sciences, 603–612.
Karjo, C. H. (2022). Phonetic and phonotactic analysis of Manggarai language. Proceedings of the International Congress of Indonesian Linguistics Society (KIMLI 2021), 622(Kimli), 79–83. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211226.018
Leech, G. (2014). The pragmatics of politeness. Oxford University.
Leech, G. N. (1983). Principles of pragmatics (first). Longman Group.
Menggo, S., Pandor, P., & Ndiung, S. (2021). Strengthening student character with local cultural metaphors: Messages exploration from the tiba meka dance. Lingua Cultura, 15(2), 135-143. https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v15i2.7340
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. In SAGE (Third). SAGE Publication.
Nunan, D., & Choi, J. (Eds.). (2010). Language and culture. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langcom.2003.11.001
Sanjaya, F. O., & Rahardi, R. K. (2021). Kajian Ekolinguistik Metaforis Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal Upacara Pernikahan Adat Manggarai, Flores, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Deiksis: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 7(2), 12. https://doi.org/10.33603/deiksis.v7i2.3283
Semana, I. L., & Menggo, S. (2022). Personal pronouns Ité as politeness marker in Manggarai language and culture , Personal pronouns Ité as politeness marker in Manggarai language and culture , Indonesia. EduLite, 7(2), 356–372. https://doi.org/10.30659/e.7.2.356-372
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Tobias Gunas; Fransiskus Bustan, Sebastianus Menggo, Yosefina Helenora Jem
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
